Which product is commonly produced using recombinant DNA technology in biotechnology?

• A. Recombinant human insulin
• B. Pure water
• C. Salt crystals
• D. Vitamin C

Answer: (A)

Recombinant DNA technology enables production of human proteins by inserting the human gene into a host organism (like bacteria or yeast) and using the host’s own machinery to make the protein, which can then be purified for medical use. Recombinant human insulin is the classic example: the insulin gene is placed into a plasmid, introduced into a microbial host, and the host expresses insulin that is harvested and refined for therapeutic use. This approach provides a reliable, scalable source of human-compatible insulin without relying on animal tissues.

Pure water and salt crystals are inorganic substances obtained by simple physical processes, not by expressing genes in cells. Vitamin C is a small molecule that’s typically produced by chemical synthesis or fermentation of microbes, not by producing a human protein product via recombinant DNA. Thus, the product most clearly produced through recombinant DNA technology is recombinant human insulin.